Reading is one of the core activities of study. You need to be able to understand what you read and to be able to recall the main ideas when you need them.
Read headlines and subtitles
Look at pictures and other graphics; read captions
Skim side bars
Read section outline in textbooks and articles
Activate Prior Knowledge
Consider what you already know about the subject
Think about connections to other knowledge you posses
What can we read ?
Novels, Poems, Letters, Newspapers, Guidebooks, Advertisements, Travel Brochures, Catalogues, Rules for Games etc
Reading Strategies
1. Understanding vocabulary in context
2. Reading for general meaning
Predicting / Previewing
Skimming
Finding the main idea
3. Reading for specific information
Inference
Scanning
4. Contextual referents / Rhetorical devices and clause markers
Understanding meaning from context
What to do when you find a new word when you're reading
1.Ignore it. Continue reading
2.Look at it
3.Cover it up with your finger and try to read the sentence
4.Think about the general idea of the text
5.And if nothing else works and you still can't understand the main idea of the text, use the dictionary
Reading for general meaning
1.Predicting / Previewing : Looking quickly at the text before beginning reading
2.Skimming : Reading quickly to get a main idea
3.Finding the main idea : Understanding the writer's principal message
Predicting / Previewing
There are many specific strategies that are used when we read for the main idea. These can signal important main idea and give us an idea of the gist of selection
1.Headlines, headings and subheadings
2.Illustrations
3.Captions
4.Changes in typesetting (italics or bold print, for example)
Skimming
1.Read the title, substitles, and subheadings
2.Look at the illustration
3.Read the first and last sentence of each paragraph
4.Let your eyes skim over the text, taking in key words
What is Skimming ?
"To read quickly to get the general idea of a passage"
When Skimming ?
1.Don't read everything but try to skip the text
2.Read the first and last sentences of paragraph
3.Read the introduction and the summary
4.Read a few examples until you understand the concepts they are meant to illustrate
How to Skim ?
1.Read the title
2.Read the subtitle or introduction
3.Read the first sentences of each paragraph
4.Notice any picture, charts, or graphics
5.Read the summary or last paragraph if there is one
Finding the main idea
1.Think about the meaning of the whole text
2.Try to identify a these that connects each sentence
3.Look for examples that might explain the topic
4.Don't focus on individual words
Paragraphs usually have 2 types of sentences
1.A topic sentences, which contains the main idea, and
2.One or more detail sentences which support, prove, provide more information, explain, or give examples
Finding the main idea in passages
The main idea of a passage is the thought that is present from the beginning to the end
Look at this example paragraph :
There are many uses for this great product.
Some mix it with chocolate to make cake icing.
It is the main ingredient in some milkshake mixes.
It will also kill rats in small amount.
Rules for Finding the Topic Sentence
1.The topic sentence is usually first, but could be in any position in the paragraph.
2.A topic is usually more "general" than the other sentences, that is, it talks about many things and looks at the big picture. Sometimes it refers to more that one thing Plurals and the words "many", "numerous", or "several" often signal a topic sentence.
3.Detail sentences are usually more "specific" than the topic, that is, they usually talk about one single or small part or side of an idea. Also, the words "for example:, "i.e.", "that is", "first", "second", "third", etc. and "finally" often signal a detail
4.Most of the detail sentences support, give examples, prove, talk about, or point toward the topic in some way
Inference
1.Look for verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Decide if adjectives are positive or negative
2.Decide how ideas relate to each other
3.Try to imagine what is happening
4.Look for clues...like a detective
Scanning
1.Look at any heading. Find the section you want
2.Quickly look for the information you need
3.Stop reading when you find what you want
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar